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The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... 2015
Topics: Adult; Electrocardiography; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Hypereosinophilic Syndrome; Imatinib Mesylate; Leukocyte Count; Male; Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha; Tryptases; Vitamin B 12; mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors
PubMed: 25754721
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2014.09.024 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Feb 2024
Review
Topics: Humans; Eosinophilic Esophagitis; Gastritis; Enteritis; Eosinophilia
PubMed: 38316452
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.230378 -
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Oct 2012This review starts with discussions of several infectious causes of eosinophilic pneumonia, which are almost exclusively parasitic in nature. Pulmonary infections due... (Review)
Review
This review starts with discussions of several infectious causes of eosinophilic pneumonia, which are almost exclusively parasitic in nature. Pulmonary infections due specifically to Ascaris, hookworms, Strongyloides, Paragonimus, filariasis, and Toxocara are considered in detail. The discussion then moves to noninfectious causes of eosinophilic pulmonary infiltration, including allergic sensitization to Aspergillus, acute and chronic eosinophilic pneumonias, Churg-Strauss syndrome, hypereosinophilic syndromes, and pulmonary eosinophilia due to exposure to specific medications or toxins.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Pulmonary Eosinophilia
PubMed: 23034324
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00025-12 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Eosinophil-related diseases represent a group of pathologic conditions with highly heterogeneous clinical presentation and symptoms ranging from mild to critical. Both... (Review)
Review
Eosinophil-related diseases represent a group of pathologic conditions with highly heterogeneous clinical presentation and symptoms ranging from mild to critical. Both systemic and localized forms of disease are typically treated with glucocorticoids. The approval of novel biologic therapies targeting the interleukin-5 pathway can help reduce the use of systemic glucocorticoids (SGC) in eosinophilic diseases and reduce the risk of SGC-related adverse effects (AEs). In this article, a panel of experts from different medical specialties reviewed current evidence on the use of SGC in two systemic eosinophilic diseases: Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with PolyAngiitis (EGPA) and HyperEosinophilic Syndrome (HES); and in two single-organ (respiratory) eosinophilic diseases: Chronic RhinoSinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP) and Severe Asthma with Eosinophil Phenotype (SA-EP), and contrasted it with their experience in clinical practice. Using nominal group technique, they reached consensus on key aspects related to the dose and tapering of SGC as well as on the initiation of biologics as SGC-sparing agents. Early treatment with biologics could help prevent AEs associated with medium and long-term use of SGC.
Topics: Humans; Glucocorticoids; Churg-Strauss Syndrome; Consensus; Eosinophils; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis; Leukocyte Disorders; Biological Products
PubMed: 38250075
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1310211 -
Hematology. American Society of... Dec 2016This educational review addresses the diagnostic evaluation of patients for autoimmune and other forms of acquired neutropenia, including the futility of deconstructing... (Review)
Review
This educational review addresses the diagnostic evaluation of patients for autoimmune and other forms of acquired neutropenia, including the futility of deconstructing the overlap of chronic "autoimmune," "benign," and "idiopathic" categories. Isolated neutropenias caused by infection, drugs, and immunologic disorders are also addressed. Discussion of management options emphasizes a conservative approach, with largely supportive care for these mostly benign and self-limited disorders.
Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Chemotherapy-Induced Febrile Neutropenia; Humans
PubMed: 27913460
DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2016.1.38 -
Acta Medica Portuguesa Dec 2011Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) is an inflammatory disease of the esophagus characterized by significant and isolated infiltration of the esophageal mucosa by eosinophils,... (Review)
Review
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) is an inflammatory disease of the esophagus characterized by significant and isolated infiltration of the esophageal mucosa by eosinophils, associated with clinical symptoms of esophageal dysfunction, affecting children and adults. It is an increasingly frequent cause of symptoms similar to gastroesophageal reflux disease but refractory to anti-acid therapeutic. It is commonly associated with food allergies or other atopic diseases. Since there are no symptoms, signs, serological biomarkers or endoscopic findings pathognomonic of EE, the diagnosis requires a high degree of suspicion; moreover, due to its chronic relapsing nature the potential to cause major esophageal structural changes, its early recognition and close cooperation between gastroenterologists and immunoallergologists is essential for the timely institution of appropriate therapy. The treatment is based on two main strategies: diet and / or pharmacotherapy, depending on the co-existence of sensitization to food allergens. It is our aim to review this issue, considering recent guidelines, as well as propose a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm.
Topics: Algorithms; Eosinophilic Esophagitis; Humans
PubMed: 22863504
DOI: No ID Found -
Blood Apr 2022Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) figure prominently in host defense against infection and in noninfectious inflammation. Mobilized early in an inflammatory response,... (Review)
Review
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) figure prominently in host defense against infection and in noninfectious inflammation. Mobilized early in an inflammatory response, PMNs mediate immediate cellular defense against microbes and orchestrate events that culminate in cessation of inflammation and restoration of homeostasis. Failure to terminate the inflammatory response and its causes can fuel exuberant inflammation characteristic of many human diseases, including cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator. CF affects multiple end organs, with persistent bacterial infection and chronic neutrophilic inflammation in airways predominating the clinical picture. To match the diverse microbial challenges that they may encounter, PMNs possess a variety of antimicrobial systems to slow or kill invading microorganisms confined in their phagosomes. Prominent among PMN defense systems is their ability to generate hypochlorous acid, a potent microbicide, by reacting oxidants generated by the NADPH oxidase with myeloperoxidase (MPO) released from azurophilic granules in the presence of chloride (Cl-). Products of the MPO-H2O2-Cl system oxidize susceptible biomolecules and support robust antimicrobial action against many, but not all, potential human pathogens. Underscoring that the MPO-H2O2-Cl system is integral to optimal host defense and proper regulation of inflammation, individuals with defects in any component of this system, as seen in chronic granulomatous disease or MPO deficiency, incur increased rates or severity of infection and signs of dysregulated inflammatory responses. We focus attention in this review on the molecular basis for and the clinical consequences of defects in the MPO-H2O2-Cl system because of the compromised Cl transport seen in CF. We will discuss first how the MPO-H2O2-Cl system in healthy PMNs participates in host defense and resolution of inflammation and then review how a defective MPO-H2O2-Cl system contributes to the increased susceptibility to infection and dysregulated inflammation associated with the clinical manifestations of CF.
Topics: Chlorides; Cystic Fibrosis; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hypochlorous Acid; Inflammation; Leukocyte Disorders; Neutrophils; Peroxidase
PubMed: 35213685
DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014699 -
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology... Mar 2022Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, immune/antigen-mediated esophageal disease characterized by symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and eosinophil-predominant... (Review)
Review
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, immune/antigen-mediated esophageal disease characterized by symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and eosinophil-predominant inflammation. The diagnostic criteria for EoE have changed with our growing knowledge over the past two decades. Esophageal eosinophilia, which responds histologically to a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) is not a distinct disease but a subset of EoE. An endoscopic scoring system that relies on the assessment of exudates, rings, edema, furrows, and strictures is a useful tool for assessing endoscopic severity. PPIs are regarded as safe and effective first-line treatments for EoE. Oral topical corticosteroids or dietary therapy are also options for first-line treatment. Endoscopic dilation is effective for relieving the dysphagia symptoms of a patient with an esophageal stricture.
Topics: Dilatation; Enteritis; Eosinophilia; Eosinophilic Esophagitis; Gastritis; Humans; Proton Pump Inhibitors
PubMed: 35342167
DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2021.119 -
Acta Gastro-enterologica Belgica 2023
Review
Topics: Humans; Eosinophilic Esophagitis; Esophagitis; Enteritis; Gastritis; Eosinophilia
PubMed: 38240548
DOI: 10.51821/86.4.12001 -
Seminars in Immunopathology Jun 2021Eosinophils and their mediators play a crucial role in various reactive states such as bacterial and viral infections, chronic inflammatory disorders, and certain... (Review)
Review
Eosinophils and their mediators play a crucial role in various reactive states such as bacterial and viral infections, chronic inflammatory disorders, and certain hematologic malignancies. Depending on the underlying pathology, molecular defect(s), and the cytokine- and mediator-cascades involved, peripheral blood and tissue hypereosinophilia (HE) may develop and may lead to organ dysfunction or even organ damage which usually leads to the diagnosis of a HE syndrome (HES). In some of these patients, the etiology and impact of HE remain unclear. These patients are diagnosed with idiopathic HE. In other patients, HES is diagnosed but the etiology remains unknown - these patients are classified as idiopathic HES. For patients with HES, early therapeutic application of agents reducing eosinophil counts is usually effective in avoiding irreversible organ damage. Therefore, it is important to systematically explore various diagnostic markers and to correctly identify the disease elicitors and etiology. Depending on the presence and type of underlying disease, HES are classified into primary (clonal) HES, reactive HES, and idiopathic HES. In most of these patients, effective therapies can be administered. The current article provides an overview of the pathogenesis of eosinophil-associated disorders, with special emphasis on the molecular, immunological, and clinical complexity of HE and HES. In addition, diagnostic criteria and the classification of eosinophil disorders are reviewed in light of new developments in the field.
Topics: Cytokines; Eosinophils; Hematologic Neoplasms; Humans; Hypereosinophilic Syndrome
PubMed: 34052871
DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00863-y